Human and energy--Natural gas as present aswer

3-15-07- Human and energy- Road to clean energy- A look into LNG and CNG

The sun is huge ball of extremely hot glowing gases it is approximately 93 million away from us. It practical provide all the energy that we use. The heat and light from the sun are produced by releasing the atomic energy of certain elements. Tremendious temperature ad pressure in the sun makes sure that resultant large amount of energy release hydrogen and carbon.
The sun is the source of all form of energy the body gets musculelar energy and heat by oxidizing food made by green plants with help of sunlight and releasing its chemical energy. Machine that are driven by mechanical energy is supplied by some kind of engine that burn fuel that contain chemical energy that was once stored in green plants.
Furthermore lest look at some of the wonders of the sun:
Coal gasoline kerosene are fuel oil which are all known as primary source of power from energy formed millions years ago through photosynthesis of green plants by the sun.
Wind blow because of radiant heat and differential temperature in air at different place caused by the sun
Rain fall because of differential water vapor potential energy created by the radiant energy of the sun
Before I proceed from here, it is clear that without the sun there will not be energy there will not be technology, none of us can move nor do anything, without energy there will not be life.
In a nut shell all form of energy began with change in radiant energy from the sun
The use of energy is likened to reckless try and error, experimentation, and age that discover the big gap between renewable and non renewable energy, and how human have adventurism has lead to replacing renewable natural given of nature by non renewable and associated backlash has called for new ways to do things and importance of using advantage of nature and its given. Renewable source of energy range from energy from the sun, hydrogen and biomass- as for the later, using waste to produce biomass is very reasonable than growing crops that suppose to be used for food to produce energy- else we end up breaking the food chain and when scarcity of products involve come we all have to pay for it anyway. I am not going discuss much about renewable source of energy or green house gas today -Thus some of my previous posting has extensively discused issues relating to this - but I will highlight potential that exist in LNG AND CNG.
***Time has shown that the global trend in de-Carbonisation of the energy system follow the following path: COAL > OIL> NATURAL GAS > HYDROGEN
The drive towards environmentally friendlier fuels points next 0 at Natural Gas (NG) and the infrastructures to support that trend are being pre-positioned by corporate mechanisms and governmental bodies worlwide. NG is cheap and its reserve is plentiful. Natural Gas as fuel is becoming more and more established in Urban Transport and Power Generation sectors. Its use will also take agressive approach for all coastal vessel including ferries due new regulations. Internationally its operational record and GHG gas score is rated as GOOD.
That technology will transfer sympathetically to the marine industry via availability of engines, systems and technical assistance.Marine craft operation in inland water operation requires fuel supplied in bulk rendering the NG distribution viable.The use of an alternative fuel for vessel propulsion will leads to a design review of Power plant, associated fuel system and propulsion train; effectively reshaping areas such as Machinery Arrangement, Hull Form, Compartmentation, Cargo Deck, Payloads, Superstructure, Interior Layouts, Escape & Safety, Route Options, etc.
Today, discovery of LNG and CNG has lead to building of very ultra tankersand more are in order to join the fleets.
Now lets look at what wikipedia has for us on LNG and CNG-
Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
Liquefied natural gas or LNG is natural gas that has been processed to remove either valuable components e.g. helium, or those impurities that could cause difficulty downstream, e.g. water, and heavy hydrocarbons and then condensed into a liquid at almost atmospheric pressure (Maximum Transport Pressure set around 25 kPa) by cooling it to approximately -163 degrees Celsius. LNG is transported by specially designed cryogenic sea vessels and cryogenic road tankers; and stored in specially designed tanks. LNG is about 1/614th the volume of natural gas at standard temperature and pressure (STP), making it much more cost-efficient to transport over long distances where pipelines do not exist. Where moving natural gas by pipelines is not possible or economical, it can be transported by LNG vessels, where the most common tank types are membrane(prismatic), Moss Rosenberg (spheres) or Self-Supporting Prismathic Type.Contents
1 Basic Facts on LNG
1.1 Trade in LNG
2 LNG safety and accidents
3 LNG storage
4 LNG refrigeration
5 LNG, LPG, and CNG
5.1 Liquefied natural gas (LNG)
5.2 Compressed natural gas (CNG)
5.3 Liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
6 LNG Terminals
6.1 Proposed LNG Terminals
7 See also
8 External links
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a substitute for gasoline (petrol) or diesel fuel. It is considered to be an environmentally "clean" alternative to those fuels. It is made by compressing methane (CH 4 ) extracted from natural gas. It is stored and distributed in hard containers, usually cylinders.
Argentina and Brazil, in the Southern Cone of Latin America, are the two countries with the largest fleets of CNG vehicles. Conversion has been facilitated by a substantial price differential with liquid fuels, locally-produced conversion equipment and a growing CNG-delivery infrastructure. A 'Blue-network' of CNG stations is being developed on the major highways of the Southern Cone (including Chile and Bolivia) to allow for long-haul transportation fuelled by CNG.
In response to high fuel prices and environmental concerns, compressed natural gas is starting to be used in light-duty passenger vehicles and pickup trucks, medium-duty delivery trucks, and in transit and school buses.
CNG has grown into one of the major fuel sources used in car engines in Pakistan, Bangladesh and India. The use of CNG is mandated for the public transport system of New Delhi, India's capital city as well as mega city Ahmadabad in the state of Gujarat. The Delhi Transport Corporation operates the world's largest fleet of CNG buses. The government of Punjab, Pakistan, the most populous province of that country, has mandated that all public-transport vehicles will use CNG by 2007. Today, many rickshaws as well as personal vehicles in India are being converted to CNG powered technology, the cost of this is in range of $400-$450. Pakistan is the largest user of CNG in Asia, and third largest in the world. As of 2005.
According to the International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles, Pakistan has the third-largest number of natural gas vehicles. In the Middle East and Africa, Egypt is a top ten country in the world with more than 63000 CNG vehicles and 95 fueling stations nationwide. Egypt was also the first nation in Africa and the Middle East to open a public CNG fuelling station in January 1996.[1]
During the 1970s and 1980s, CNG was commonly used in New Zealand in the wake of the oil crises, but fell into decline after petrol prices receded.
Brisbane Transport and Transperth in Australia have both adopted a policy of only purchasing CNG buses in future; the former purchasing 216 Scania L94UB and 180 MAN 18.310 models, with the latter purchasing 451 Mercedes-Benz OC500LE buses, including 58 articulated buses. Brisbane Transport has also ordered up to 30 articulated CNG buses on MAN chassis'.
CNG buses are not completely compatible with existing transport infrastructure; the MBTA in Massachusetts, for instance, does not permit its CNG buses to enter its underground bus tunnels or enclosed stations. (See the "No CNG buses" sign in this image.). This is typically because bus CNG tanks are kept on top of the bus, increasing the height of the roof of the vehicle and potentially interfering with low overpasses and bus terminals as in the picture. Leaks in enclosed areas are of course a matter of concern, but CNG dissipates far more readily than other fuels and is far safer than common alternative LPG in this regard.
CNG is often measured and sold in Gasoline Gallon Equivalent GGE to help American consumers when comparing to gasoline.
In emerging countries, the cost of financing a conversion may represent a significant barrier, thus requiring promotional schemes by the government or private sector. A scheme allowing the owner to recover up to 60% of the conversion cost through 'free-CNG' vouchers was implemented in the city of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, doubling the total number of CNG vehicles in less than one year.
In Europe CNG is not an issue for a sustainable fuel since by 2030 only 30% of natural gas will be produced in Europe(Schmöltzer, Krug; Ein Energiebinnenmarkt, der Vorsorgungssicherheit gewährleistet in energy 206 Zeitschrift der Österreichischen Energieagentur).
1 Technology
2 CNG compared to LNG and LPG
3 Notes
4 See also
5 External links
As u can see, fellows, the sun provides far more energy than we have; learnt how we use directly. To me my conclusion is that human selfish sense of belonging has been the problem of the why we cannot put the renewable source of energy into use. Well natural resource and nature given are spread among people of different nations for a reason- ONESS – It human task to break ice and come together and use and share these resources irrespective of where we come from.
My questions –
-Why is it hard it is hard for human to extract this free fall abundant energy of SUN, WATER AIR?
-With burning issue of global warming , caused by green house gas release from dirty energy , why is it still hard for human to address the main issues that ca benefit all of us.
-Do you use CNG in your place , what do you use it for, is it expensive, how is it being distributed?